All You Need to Know About Adhan and Iqamah in Islam

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Hi, Readers! In this article, I will explain essential things about adhan and iqamah. As Muslims, we are all familiar with these two terms. However, there are some important aspects of adhan and iqamah that we might not fully understand. That's why I will elaborate on them here.

Let's dive into some important points about adhan and iqamah:

Who Should Recite Adhan and Iqamah?

Adhan is a series of sentences recited as a call to prayer, signaling that the time for prayer has arrived. While it is not an official indicator of prayer times, it is commonly used for this purpose. On the other hand, iqamah is the announcement that congregational prayer (jama'ah) is about to begin.

One common question is, who is the most suitable person to recite the adhan and iqamah? Let's explore this further with the guidance of a hadith:

عَنْ أَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: الْمُؤَذِّنُ أَمْلَكُ بِالْأَذَانِ وَالْإِمَامُ أَمْلَكُ بِالْإِقَامَةِ. رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَدِّي

Translation: From Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), he said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, 'The person who recites the adhan is more entitled to do so, and the person leading the prayer is more entitled to recite the iqamah.'" (Narrated by Ibn 'Addi)

From this hadith, we learn the following:

  • The mu'adhin (person who regularly calls the adhan) has the right to recite it.
  • The person leading the prayer (imam) has the right to recite the iqamah.

Additional Points:

  1. The mu'adhin should be someone trusted to ensure accurate prayer times.
  2. Congregational prayers cannot commence without the permission or presence of the imam.

How to Respond to Adhan According to Islamic Teachings

When hearing the adhan, Muslims are encouraged to respond by repeating its phrases. This is because the adhan is essentially an invitation to prayer. But how should one respond? Is it obligatory? Let's address these questions with references to hadith:

عَنْ أَبِيْ سَعِيْدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُوْلُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ النِّدَاءَ فَقُوْلُوْا مِثْلَ مَا يَقُوْلُ الْمُؤَذِّنُ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ

Translation: From Abu Sa'id al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him), he said, "The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said, 'When you hear the call (adhan), say the same words as the mu'adhin.'" (Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

وَلِمُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عُمَرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ... لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ

Translation: According to a narration by Muslim from Umar (may Allah be pleased with him), one should repeat the adhan word for word, except for the phrases "Hayya 'alaa ash-Shalaah" (Come to prayer) and "Hayya 'alaa al-Falaah" (Come to success). Instead, one should say, "لا حول ولا قوة إلا بالله" ("There is no power or strength except with Allah").

Key Points:

  1. Muslims should repeat the words of the adhan except for "Hayya 'alaa ash-Shalaah" and "Hayya 'alaa al-Falaah."
  2. Responding to adhan is recommended (sunnah) but not obligatory.
  3. There is immense reward for those who respond to the adhan.

Important Guidelines for the Mu'adhin (Caller of Adhan)

Islam provides specific guidelines for those who recite the adhan to ensure its proper delivery.

عَنْ جَابِرٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ... اجْعَلْ بَيْنَ أَذَانِكَ وَإِقَامَتِكَ... رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ

Translation: From Jabir (may Allah be pleased with him), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said to Bilal, "When you call the adhan, recite it slowly and clearly (tartil). When you recite the iqamah, do so quickly. Leave enough time between the adhan and iqamah for a person to finish eating." (Narrated by At-Tirmidhi)

عَنْ أَبِيْ هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ... لَا يُؤَذِّنُ إِلَّا مُتَوَضِّئٌ. رَوَاهُ التِّرْمِذِيُّ

Translation: From Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said, "Only someone in a state of ablution (wudhu') should call the adhan." (Narrated by At-Tirmidhi)

Important Points:

  • The adhan should be recited slowly and clearly, while the iqamah should be faster.
  • There should be a sufficient gap between the adhan and iqamah.
  • The mu'adhin should preferably be in a state of purity (wudhu').

Opinions:

  • Most scholars agree that even someone not in a state of wudhu' may call the adhan, but it is better if they are purified.
  • There is a difference of opinion regarding whether a person in a state of major impurity (junub) can recite the adhan. Most scholars permit it, but it is preferable to avoid it.

Conclusion

This article has highlighted important points about adhan and iqamah, including the roles of the mu'adhin and the imam, how to respond to the adhan, and key guidelines for delivering it. By adhering to these principles, we can ensure the proper observance of these beautiful acts of worship.

May Allah guide us to implement these teachings in our lives. Ameen!

See you in the next article!

Akhmad Syafiuddin
Akhmad Syafiuddin An expert in Islamic discourse and law, and a graduate of Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

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